|
Host plant
|
Bio agent
|
Agent type
|
Bachelor's button - Centaurea cyanus
|
Chaetorellia australis |
seed head fly |
| |
Urophora quadrifasciata |
seed head gall fly |
| Black knapweed - Centaurea nigra |
Urophora quadrifasciata
|
seed head gall fly |
| Brown knapweed - Centaurea jacea |
Urophora quadrifasciata |
seed head gall fly |
| Bull thistle - Cirsium vulgare |
Cheilosia corydon |
crown / root fly |
| |
Rhinocyllus conicus |
seed head weevil |
| |
Urophora stylata |
seed head gall fly |
| Canada thistle - Cirsium arvense |
Altica carduorum |
root / defoliating flea beetle |
| |
Ceutorhynchus litura |
crown / root weevil |
| |
Rhinocyllus conicus |
seed head weevil |
| |
Urophora cardui |
stem gall fly |
| Dalmatian toadflax - Linaria dalmatica |
Calophasia lunula |
defoliating moth |
| |
Gymnetron antirrhini |
seed head weevil |
| |
Gymnetron linariae |
root-galling weevil |
| |
Mecinus janthinus |
stem boring weevil |
| Diffuse knapweed - Centaurea diffusa |
Agapeta zoegana |
root boring moth |
| |
Bangasternus fausti |
seed head weevil |
| |
Chaetorellia acrolophi |
seed head fly |
| |
Cyphocleonus achates |
root weevil |
| |
Larinus minutus |
seed head weevil |
| |
Metzneria paucipunctella |
seed head moth |
| |
Pterolonche inspersa |
root boring moth |
| |
Sphenoptera jugoslavica |
root boring beetle |
| |
Terellia virens |
seed head fly |
| |
Urophora affinis |
seed head gall fly |
| |
Urophora quadrifasciata |
seed head gall fly |
| Field bindweed - Convolvulus arvensis |
Aceria malherbae |
eriophyid mite |
| |
Tyta luctuosa |
defoliating moth |
| French broom - Genista monspessulana |
Bruchidius villosus |
seed beetle |
| Gorse - Ulex europaeus |
Exapion ulicis |
seed weevil |
| |
Tetranychus lintearius |
spider mite |
| Italian thistle - Carduus pycnocephalus |
Cheilosia corydon |
crown / root fly |
| |
Rhinocyllus conicus |
seed head weevil |
| |
Trichosirocalus horridus |
crown/root weevil |
Leafy spurge - Euphorbia esula
|
Aphthona abdominalis |
root / defoliating flea beetle |
| |
Aphthona cyparissiae |
root / defoliating flea beetle |
| |
Aphthona czwalinae |
root / defoliating flea beetle |
| |
Aphthona flava |
root / defoliating flea beetle |
| |
Aphthona lacertosa |
root / defoliating flea beetle |
| |
Aphthona nigriscutis |
root / defoliating flea beetle |
| |
Chamaesphecia crassicornis |
root boring moth |
| |
Hyles euphorbiae |
defoliating moth |
| |
Oberea erythrocephala |
root / stem boring beetle |
| |
Spurgia esula |
shoot tip gall midge |
Meadow knapweed - Centaurea jacea x nigra
|
Larinus minutus |
seed head weevil |
| |
Larinus obtusus |
seed head weevil |
| |
Metzneria paucipunctella |
seed head moth |
| |
Urophora quadrifasciata |
seed head gall fly |
| Mediterranean sage - Salvia aethiopis |
Phrydiuchus tau |
root / crown weevil |
| |
Phrydiuchus spilmani |
root / crown weevil |
| Milk thistle - Silybum marianum |
Rhinocyllus conicus |
seed head weevil |
Musk thistle - Carduus nutans
|
Cheilosia corydon |
crown / root fly |
| |
Rhinocyllus conicus |
seed head weevil |
| |
Trichosirocalus horridus |
crown/root weevil |
| |
Urophora solstitialis |
seed head gall fly |
| Plumeless thistle - Carduus acanthoides |
Rhinocyllus conicus |
seed head weevil |
| Puncturevine - Tribulus terrestris |
Microlarinus lareynii |
seed weevil |
| |
Microlarinus lypriformis |
stem boring weevil |
Purple loosestrife- Lythrum salicaria
|
Galerucella calmariensis |
defoliating beetle |
| |
Galerucella pusilla |
defoliating beetle |
| |
Hylobius transversovittatus |
root weevil |
| |
Nanophyes marmoratus |
seed head weevil |
| Rush skeletonweed - Chondrilla juncea |
Bradyrrhoa gilveolella |
root boring moth |
| |
Cystiphora schmidti |
stem / leaf gall midge |
| |
Eriophyes chondrillae |
bud gall mite |
| |
Puccinia chondrillina |
leaf rust fungus |
Russian knapweed - Acroptilon repens
|
Subanguina picridis |
leaf stem gall nematode |
Russian thistle - Salsola kali
|
Coleophora klimeschiella |
leaf mining moth |
| |
Coleophora parthenica |
stem boring moth |
| St. Johnswort - Hypericum perforatum |
Agrilus hyperici |
root / stem boring beetle |
| |
Aplocera plagiata |
defoliating moth |
| |
Chrysolina hyperici |
defoliating beetle |
| |
Chrysolina quadrigemina |
defoliating beetle |
| |
Zeuxidiplosis giardi |
leaf gall midge |
| Saltcedar - Tamarix ramosissima |
Diorhabda elongata |
defoliating beetle |
| |
Aceria genistae |
eriophyid gall mite |
| Scotch broom - Cytisus scoparius |
Bruchidius villosus |
seed beetle |
|
Exapion fuscirostre |
seed weevil |
|
Leucoptera spartifoliella |
twig mining moth |
Scotch thistle - Onopordum acanthium
|
Rhinocyllus conicus |
seed head weevil |
|
Trichosirocalus horridus |
crown/root weevil |
| Slender-flowered thistle - Carduus tenuiflorus |
Cheilosia corydon |
crown / root fly |
|
Rhinocyllus conicus |
seed head weevil |
|
Trichosirocalus horridus |
crown/root weevil |
| Spotted knapweed - Centaurea stoebe (C. maculosa) |
Agapeta zoegana |
root boring moth |
|
Bangasternus fausti |
seed head weevil |
|
Chaetorellia acrolophi |
seed head fly |
|
Cyphocleonus achates |
root weevil |
|
Larinus minutus |
seed head weevil |
|
Larinus obtusus |
seed head weevil |
|
Metzneria paucipunctella |
seed head moth |
|
Pelochrista medullana |
root boring moth |
|
Pterolonche inspersa |
root boring moth |
|
Sphenoptera jugoslavica |
root boring beetle |
|
Terellia virens |
seed head fly |
|
Urophora affinis |
seed head gall fly |
|
Urophora quadrifasciata |
seed head gall fly |
| Squarrose knapweed - Centaurea virgata |
Urophora affinis |
seed head gall fly |
|
Urophora quadrifasciata |
seed head gall fly |
| Tansy ragwort -Senecio jacobaea |
Botanophila seneciella |
seed head fly |
|
Longitarsus jacobaeae |
root / defoliating flea beetle |
|
Tyria jacobaeae |
defoliating moth |
| Yellow starthistle - Centaurea solstitialis |
Bangasternus orientalis |
seed head weevil |
|
Chaetorellia australis |
seed head fly |
|
Eustenopus villosus |
seed head weevil |
|
Larinus curtus |
seed head weevil |
|
Urophora quadrifasciata |
seed head gall fly |
|
Urophora sirunaseva |
seed head fly |
| Yellow toadflax - Linaria vulgaris |
Calophasia lunula |
defoliating moth |
| |
Gymnetron antirrhini |
seed head weevil |
