| Prunus Necrotic Ringspot Virus (PNRSV) |
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| Ilarvirus |
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Plant hosts
- Prunus cerasus (sour cherry), Prunus persica (peach), Rosa (rose), Prunus (plum), Prunus (almond), Humulus (hops), Cucumis sativus (cucumber)
Transmission
The virus is transmitted by mechanical inoculation, by grafting, by seed, by pollen to the seed, and by pollen to the pollinated plant. The virus is not transmitted by contact between plants.
Symptoms
Some variants of PNRSV do not induce symptoms in their host, and can only be detected by inoculations to woody indicator plants or serological tests. Other PNRSV variants produce necrotic spots and shot holes on young leaves during the first year of systemic infection. Few, if any, symptoms on leaves or fruit are seen in later years. Still other variants of PNRSV produce necrotic reactions in the first year, followed by chronic chlorotic leaf mottle and necrosis, leaf enation, deformity, delayed fruit maturity, and fruit-marking symptoms.
Geographical distribution
PNRSV is likely distributed worldwide in locations where natural hosts are cutivated.
Synonyms
- European plum line pattern virus
- hop B virus
- hop C virus
- peach ringspot virus
- plum line pattern virus
- prunus ringspot virus
- red currant necrotic ringspot virus
- rose chlorotic mottle virus
- rose line pattern virus
- rose vein banding virus
- rose yellow vein mosaic virus
- sour cherry necrotic ringspot virus
Cultural control
- Use virus-tested (and found to be free of all known viruses) nursery stock.
- If propagating your own trees, use both virus-indexed bud wood and virus-certified rootstock.
- Infected pollen should not be introduced into healthy orchards during pollination.
- Establish new plantings in blocks, the larger the better, and preferably at some distance from older orchards.
- Rogue infected trees in new virus-indexed orchards, but it is not economical to rogue or replant mature infected orchards unless trees are infected with the rugose strain.
- Complete orchard removal should be considered.
- Avoid using commercial beehives that were used in stone fruit orchards during the preceding two weeks.
Virus testing
Growers are encouraged to submit samples from plants suspected of harboring PNRSV. Samples should be submitted to the Oregon Department of Agriculture, Commodity Inspection Division, Plant Health Program. Lab fees are charged to the grower. The sample collection and testing will need to be completed at the appropriate time of year, and in the right manner. To obtain further details on sample collection or the virus certification program, please contact Dr. Mohamed ("Sid") Sedegui.
Return to the plant pathogen list.
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