| Prune Dwarf Virus (PDV) |
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| Ilarvirus |
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Plant hosts
- Major hosts: Prunus amygdalus, Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus besseyi (bessey cherry), Prunus cerasifera (myrobalan plum), Prunus cerasus (sour cherry), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus dulcis (almond), Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb cherry), Prunus persica (peach), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Prunus serotina (black cherry), Prunus serrulata (Japanese flowering cherry), Prunus tomentosa (Nanking cherry tree)
- Wild hosts: Crataegus spp., Prunus padus (bird cherry), Prunus spinosa (blackthorn)
Transmission
It has been reported that virus is present in the pollen of cherry, almond, plum and apricot (Digiaro, 1992b). Seed and pollen constitutes the main method of natural transmission (Cation, 1949; Cochran, 1950; Johnsen, 1984; Digiaro et al., 1992b; Mink, 1993) especially in Prunus avium, P. cerasus and P. mahaleb (Gilmer et al., 1976; Savino et al., 1997). Prune Dwarf Virus (PDV) occurs in the pollen grains of almond (Kelley and Cameron, 1986; Digiaro 1992b), peach, plum and apricot, both externally and internally. The attachment of virus particles to the pollen surface appears to be relatively stable. PDV was also found in the ovules of plum and apricot, supporting the notion that the disease is seed transmitted. The virus is also transmitted by mechanical inoculation and by grafting. It is not transmitted by contact between plants.
Symptoms
Infected sweet cherry leaves are normal in color and vigor but narrower and longer than usual. Although the virus is distributed throughout an infected tree, symptoms may be restricted to one limb or section of the tree. Blind wood also occurs and is frequently seen in trees 25 years or older. Fruit production, although reduced, is on the exterior of the tree. Fruit grown on the exterior of the tree is usually larger and firmer than fruit grown toward the interior of the tree.
Geographic distribution
Prune dwarf virus is most likely distributed worldwide.
Synonyms
- cherry chlorotic ringspot virus
- peach stunt virus
- sour cherry yellows virus
Cultural control
- Use nursery stock that is virus-tested and found to be free of all known viruses.
- Establish new plantings some distance from older orchards. Do not rogue or replant extensively in older orchards where yellows are established. However, do rogue in young newly infected orchards if diseased trees occasionally show up.
- Apply gibberelic acid.
Virus testing
Fruit growers and nursery stock growers are encouraged to submit samples from plants suspected of harboring PDV. Samples should be submitted to the Oregon Department of Agriculture, Commodity Inspection Division, Plant Health Program. Lab fees are charged to the grower. The sample collection and testing will need to be completed at the appropriate time of year, and in the right manner. To obtain further details on sample collection or the virus certification program, please contact Dr. Mohamed ("Sid") Sedegui.
Return to plant pathogen list.
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